Elisa, Sarah, Ryan, Julia
Mr. Thomas
AP Physics 2 cmod
15 September 2015
Unit 3: System of Flowing Particles Model Lab Report
Objective: To determine the effect of volume of a tube on distance and volume of water expelled through different-sized holes.
Apparatus:
Procedures:
- Connect sections of tube to a height of 153 cm from bottom of tube up to the excess hole.
- Turn hose on and place in the open top of the tube. Wait for the water to rise to and exit out of the excess tube.
- Measure the horizontal distance the water exits the horizontal holes in the tube from the base of the tube to the end of each stream.
- Measure the volume of water expelled from each hole in [] seconds by holding a bucket in each stream for the set time.
- Repeat this procedure for tube heights of 142 cm, 119 cm, and 57 cm, and when measuring the volume of water expelled in a given time, for [] seconds, [] seconds, and [] seconds, respectively.
Data Tables:
Graphs:
Velocity vs. Height
The relationship between velocity and height creates a curve. To linearize this, the values for velocity must be squared.
Velocity Squared vs. Height
The relationship between velocity squared and height is proportional, described in the equation v^2=4 m^2/(s^2 cm)h. This relationship should, however, be described in the equation v^2= (2g N/m)h, where 2g is the slope.
Flow Rate vs. Height
The graph of flow rate vs. height has a relationship that results in a curve. To linearize that we must square the flow rate.
Flow Rate^2 vs. Height
The graph of flow rate^2 vs. height shows a proportional relationship as described in the equation Iv^2=(121 m^5/s) h.
Flow Rate vs. Velocity
The relationship between flow rate and velocity is proportional, as described in the equation Iv=(5.67 m^2)
Flow Rate vs. Area
The relationship between flow rate and area, when the height of the pipe is 153cm, is linear, as shown by the equation: Iv=2.773E-04 m/s(A) - 3.243E-06 m^3/s. The slope of this line is velocity.
Velocity vs. Area
As shows by the data, the exit velocity of the water is not affected by the area of the hole. All of these values were obtained when the height of the pipe was 153cm.
Conclusion:
The relationship between velocity and the height of the pipe is that the higher the height, the greater the velocity becomes. An equation that can be used to describe this is v^2=2gh. The relationship is between flow rate and velocity is that they are directly related and it follows the equation, I=AV. These graphs show that the velocity of a fluid is dependent on the height of the tube and the area which it travels through. The flow rate depends on the area of the hole that it flows out of. The slope of the velocity squared vs. height graph shows us that the slope should be 2 times the gravitational constant "g". The slope of the flow rate vs. velocity means that the velocity and flow rate are proportional to one another. There are no y intercepts for the graphs because they are proportional. Some errors in this experiment could have been with our trials because we didn't have enough time to do all of the trials we wanted to. Also, errors could have happened with our measurement of the distance the water sprayed to find the velocity, because it was very hard to tell exactly where the water hit the measuring tape. Another error that could have happened was with the angle we held the pipe up with, it could have been not completely straight up. It is also possible that small amounts of water could have been lost while transferring it from the containers to the beakers or graduated cylinders for measurement. These possibilities may have caused varied results in the experiment.
